NAD+ and Cognitive Function
NAD+ is a vital molecule involved in many cellular functions, such as energy metabolism, DNA repair, and gene expression. Recent studies suggest that NAD+ may also benefit cognitive function and decrease neuroinflammation.
A study on chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) models, both in vivo and in vitro, discovered that NAD+ had positive effects on cognitive function and neuroinflammation. It achieved this by improving mitochondrial damage and reducing ROS production through the Sirt1/PGC-1α pathway [R].
Another study showed that experimentally boosting NAD+ levels improved cognitive function and synaptic plasticity in Alzheimer’s disease [R].
Overall, these studies suggest that NAD+ may have a positive impact on cognitive function and reduce neuroinflammation. However, more research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms behind these effects and to determine the potential benefits for humans.
NAD+ and Muscle Health
Research has shown that NAD+ is important for muscle development, regeneration, aging, and disease. Lower levels of NAD+ have been linked to deleterious effects on muscle health, while higher levels have been shown to augment muscle health [R].
One study revealed that NAD+ therapeutics offer a new nutritional method to potentially influence the function of mitochondria in skeletal muscle and metabolic adaptation [R].
According to a study published by Janssens and colleagues, NAD+ levels can serve as a measure of muscle health in older individuals. Additionally, the study found that exercising can raise NAD+ levels, potentially explaining why it helps counteract age-related muscle decline [R].
NAD+ and Metabolic Health
NAD+ is crucial for the metabolism of eukaryotic cells, as it transfers electrons between its oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH) states. This process is vital for oxidation-reduction reactions that capture or release cellular energy in the form of ATP [R].
Intracellular levels of NAD+ decrease as individuals age and become obese. However, exercise and caloric restriction have been shown to increase NAD+ levels and have beneficial effects. Therefore, NAD+ is considered a potential target for achieving similar benefits to those obtained through healthy lifestyle changes.
Moreover, NAD+ metabolism is highlighted as a potential focus for treating metabolic disorders, including obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and fatty liver.